{"id":1618,"date":"2020-10-07T12:42:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T12:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/?p=1618"},"modified":"2021-03-14T14:49:46","modified_gmt":"2021-03-14T14:49:46","slug":"create-raid-arrays-with-mdadm-on-ubuntu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/create-raid-arrays-with-mdadm-on-ubuntu\/","title":{"rendered":"Create RAID Arrays with mdadm on Ubuntu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1618\" class=\"elementor elementor-1618\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-49278cc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"49278cc9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ac15819\" data-id=\"1ac15819\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-425df7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"425df7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is mdadm?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2ec9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb2ec9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mdadm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">mdadm<\/a> utility can be used to create and manage storage arrays using Linux\u2019s software RAID capabilities.<br \/>Administrators have great flexibility in coordinating their individual storage devices and creating logical storage devices that have greater performance or redundancy characteristics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbd4f58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbd4f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Creating a RAID 0 Array<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32fb278 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32fb278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The RAID 0 array works by breaking up data into chunks and striping it across the available disks. This means that each disk contains a portion of the data and that multiple disks will be referenced when retrieving information. This option Require minimum of 2 storage devices<\/p>\n<p>In the following examples we are simulate 4 storage devices<\/p>\n<p>To get started, find full informations for the raw disks that you will be using for the raid:<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmd\">\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18fe15f elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"18fe15f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT\n<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f14467 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f14467\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOutput looks like:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef1961a elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"ef1961a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>NAME SIZE FSTYPE TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsdc 500G disk\nsdd 500G disk\nsde 500G disk\nsdf 500G disk\nvda 20G disk\n\u251c\u2500vda1 200G ext4 part \/\n\u2514\u2500vdb1 100G part\n<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e9754a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e9754a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As above, we have 4 disks without a filesystem, each 500G in size. In this example, these devices have been given the \/dev\/sdc and \/dev\/sdd \/dev\/sde \/dev\/sdf identifiers for this session. These will be the raw components we will use to build the array.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46ff9f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46ff9f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Create the Array<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81b2505 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81b2505\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To create a RAID 0 array ,we need to pass them in to the mdadm \u2013create command. You will have to specify the device name you wish to create (\/dev\/md0 in our exmaple), the RAID level, and the number of devices:<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmd\">\n<div><span class=\"prompt\">sudo mdadm &#8211;create &#8211;verbose \/dev\/md0 &#8211;level=0 &#8211;raid-devices=4 \/dev\/sdc \/dev\/sdd \/dev\/sde \/dev\/sdf<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c592e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2c592e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Create and Mount the Filesystem<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca73a8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca73a8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcreate a filesystem on the array:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a09d3df elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"a09d3df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mkfs.ext4 -F \/dev\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46c8be3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46c8be3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a mount point to attach the new filesystem:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa6ec3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"aa6ec3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f97dfde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f97dfde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMount the filesystem\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a31f451 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"a31f451\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mount \/dev\/md0 \/mnt\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8014a39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8014a39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Save the Array Layout<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-373091e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"373091e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To make sure that the array is reassembled automatically at boot, we will have to adjust the \/etc\/mdadm\/mdadm.conf by executing the following commad:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42b0471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"42b0471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a \/etc\/mdadm\/mdadm.conf<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4b0278 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4b0278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tupdate the initramfs, or initial RAM file system, so that the array will be available during the early boot process:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9bb884 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"b9bb884\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo update-initramfs -u<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1737fe4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1737fe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnd Finlay add the new filesystem mount options to the \/etc\/fstab file for automatic mounting at boot:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff4f191 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"ff4f191\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>echo \u2018\/dev\/md0 \/mnt\/md0 ext4 defaults,nofail,discard 0 0\u2019 | sudo tee -a \/etc\/fstab<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b72c6d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b72c6d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Creating a RAID 1 Array<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcde64e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcde64e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The RAID 1 array type is implemented by mirroring data across all available disks. Each disk in a RAID 1 array gets a full copy of the data, providing redundancy in the event of a device failure. This option Require minimum of 2 storage devices<\/p>\n<p>In the following examples we are simulate 4 storage devices<\/p>\n<p>To get started, find full informations for the raw disks that you will be using for the raid:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610785f elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"610785f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82dd37d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82dd37d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOutput looks like\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d95c60c elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"d95c60c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>NAME SIZE FSTYPE TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsdc 500G disk\nsdd 500G disk\nsde 500G disk\nsdf 500G disk\nvda 20G disk\n\u251c\u2500vda1 200G ext4 part \/\n\u2514\u2500vdb1 100G part<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94bddf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94bddf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As above, we have 4 disks without a filesystem, each 500G in size. In this example, these devices have been given the \/dev\/sdc and \/dev\/sdd \/dev\/sde \/dev\/sdf identifiers for this session. These will be the raw components we will use to build the array.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-387120c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"387120c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Create the Array<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441933b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"441933b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To create a RAID 0 array ,we need to pass them in to the mdadm \u2013create <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/common-frequently-useful-linux-commands-for-system-administrators\/\">shell command<\/a>. You will have to specify the device name you wish to create (\/dev\/md0 in our exmaple), the RAID level, and the number of devices:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e85c842 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"e85c842\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mdadm --create --verbose \/dev\/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=4 \/dev\/sdc \/dev\/sdd \/dev\/sde \/dev\/sdf<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e71f5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e71f5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Create and Mount the Filesystem<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac81d88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac81d88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcreate a filesystem on the array:\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239a618 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"239a618\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mkfs.ext4 -F \/dev\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd92a24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd92a24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a mount point to attach the new filesystem:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5397094 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"5397094\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-787fd86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"787fd86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMount the filesystem\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-806a0df elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"806a0df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mount \/dev\/md0 \/mnt\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b7aa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"89b7aa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Save the Mdadm RAID Arrays Layout<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161f0b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"161f0b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTo make sure that the array is reassembled automatically at boot, we will have to adjust the \/etc\/mdadm\/mdadm.conf by executing the following commad:\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db8717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"7db8717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a \/etc\/mdadm\/mdadm.conf<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54b601d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54b601d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tupdate the initramfs, or initial RAM file system, so that the array will be available during the early boot process:\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a5e54e elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"8a5e54e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo update-initramfs -u<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5f48fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5f48fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnd Finlay add the new filesystem mount options to the \/etc\/fstab file for automatic mounting at boot:\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-855c07e elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"855c07e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>echo \u2018\/dev\/md0 \/mnt\/md0 ext4 defaults,nofail,discard 0 0\u2019 | sudo tee -a \/etc\/fstab<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80e0c35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80e0c35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Creating a RAID 10 Array<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9da630 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9da630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The RAID 10 array type is traditionally implemented by creating a striped RAID 0 array composed of sets of RAID 1 arrays. This nested array type gives both redundancy and high performance, at the expense of large amounts of disk space. The mdadm utility has its own RAID 10 type that provides the same type of benefits with increased flexibility. It is not created by nesting arrays, but has many of the same characteristics and guarantees.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We will be using the mdadm RAID 10 here. This option Require minimum of 3 storage devices<\/p>\n<p>In the following examples we are simulate 4 storage devices.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">To get started, find full informations for the raw disks that you will be using for the raid:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b3fe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"23b3fe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-073dc93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"073dc93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOutput looks like\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54c5d19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"54c5d19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>NAME SIZE FSTYPE TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsdc 500G disk\nsdd 500G disk\nsde 500G disk\nsdf 500G disk\nvda 20G disk\n\u251c\u2500vda1 200G ext4 part \/\n\u2514\u2500vdb1 100G part<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73c58e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73c58e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs above, we have 4 disks without a filesystem, each 500G in size. In this example, these devices have been given the \/dev\/sdc and \/dev\/sdd \/dev\/sde \/dev\/sdf identifiers for this session. These will be the raw components we will use to build the array.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c679caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c679caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Create Mdadm RAID Arrays<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1eaea0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1eaea0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To create a RAID 0 array ,we need to pass them in to the mdadm \u2013create command. You will have to specify the device name you wish to create (\/dev\/md0 in our exmaple), the RAID level, and the number of devices:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">If you want to use a different layout, or change the number of copies, you will have to use the \u2013layout= option, which takes a layout and copy identifier. The layouts are n for near, f for far, and o for offset. The number of copies to store is appended afterwards.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d83a33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"8d83a33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mdadm --create --verbose \/dev\/md0 --level=10 --layout=o3 --raid-devices=4 \/dev\/sdc \/dev\/sdd \/dev\/sde \/dev\/sdf<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dff8db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8dff8db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Create and Mount the Filesystem<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f77143e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f77143e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcreate a filesystem on the array:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecbd0b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"ecbd0b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mkfs.ext4 -F \/dev\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43ea22f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43ea22f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a mount point to attach the new filesystem:\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62562aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"62562aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ce9e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74ce9e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMount the filesystem\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c23f981 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"c23f981\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mount \/dev\/md0 \/mnt\/md0<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d75459c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d75459c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Save the Array Layout<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-801f3cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"801f3cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTo make sure that the array is reassembled automatically at boot, we will have to adjust the \/etc\/mdadm\/mdadm.conf by executing the following commad:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-405457c elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"405457c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a \/etc\/mdadm\/mdadm.conf<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8e126 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a8e126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tupdate the initramfs, or initial RAM file system, so that the array will be available during the early boot process:\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbca244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"bbca244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>sudo update-initramfs -u<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-263d14b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"263d14b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnd Finlay add the new filesystem mount options to the \/etc\/fstab file for automatic mounting at boot:\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b27c19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"2b27c19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-okaidia copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-bash \">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-bash\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>echo \u2018\/dev\/md0 \/mnt\/md0 ext4 defaults,nofail,discard 0 0\u2019 | sudo tee -a \/etc\/fstab<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is mdadm? The mdadm utility can be used to create and manage storage arrays using Linux\u2019s software RAID capabilities.Administrators have great flexibility in coordinating their individual storage devices and creating logical storage devices that have greater performance or redundancy characteristics. Creating a RAID 0 Array The RAID 0 array works by breaking up data [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":859,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,41],"tags":[50,197,198],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1618"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1618"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1618\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1788,"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1618\/revisions\/1788"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xsofthost.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}